What problems do LLDCs (landlocked developing countries) have in common?

LLDCs (landlocked developing countries) have various problems in common that stem from their unique geographic position. These problems can impede economic development, impede access to resources, and create poverty. Firstly, LLDCs typically have limited access to international markets due to their being geographically landlocked. This means that they cannot easily access needed resources, such as commodities and capital, or export their own products. Additionally, they may have poor or insufficient infrastructure, such as roads and rail networks, to facilitate trade. This hampers their ability to benefit from international trade, which could otherwise drive economic growth. Second, LLDCs often have difficulty accessing international waters, and are thus unable to benefit from the fishing, tourism and other activities associated with seas and oceans. Furthermore, due to the high costs of overland routes and limited infrastructure, the cost of imports can be prohibitive for these countries. Lastly, LLDCs can suffer from resource depletion due to their reliance on foreign inputs of resources and other commodities. These countries often lack access to renewable sources of energy and are unable to properly regulate environmental issues, such as air and water pollution. These environmental issues can have detrimental effects on public health, leading to further inequalities and poverty. Overall, LLDCs face multiple problems that stem from their landlocked status. These issues impede economic growth, impede access to resources, and create poverty. As such, solutions must be developed to improve their economic