In what ways was the rise of Islam revolutionary, both in theory and in practice?

In theory, the rise of Islam was revolutionary because it was a monotheistic religion that replaced the polytheistic religions that were previously predominant in the Middle East. In addition, it was the first major religion to address the political and military aspects of life, with teachings on how the faithful should interact with others and the world around them. It provided a unified structure of beliefs and practices that provided guidance to followers and enabled leaders to develop and control their empires effectively. In practice, the rise of Islam was revolutionary because it led to the rapid spread of the religion and the political dominance of the Muslim Caliphates in the Middle East and North Africa in a relatively short period of time. During this period, the region experienced significant advancements in science, medicine, literature and philosophy, as ideas and scholarship were exchanged with other cultures. It also introduced a strict code of law and order in the empire and led to the construction of magnificent buildings and monuments that still stand today. The new faith also encouraged the development of a unique culture, with its own music and art, and was responsible for introducing the use of paper, significantly adding to the spread of knowledge.