First-round industrialization (up to WWI):

First-round industrialization refers to the period of rapid economic and industrial growth that took place in many parts of the world during the 19th century prior to the outbreak of World War I. This period is marked by the emergence of industrial sectors such as steel, railroads, and textiles that drive economic growth and development as well as the birth of new technologies such as electricity and the telephone. This round of industrialization shaped economic, urban and spatial development throughout the Western world and saw a rise in large-scale organization of labor activities and production processes, an increase in the investment in urban infrastructure, and an internationalization of commerce. Key countries driving this initial round of industrialization include the United States, Great Britain, Germany, and Japan.