Define culture and identify the four characteristics of culture which companies doing business abroad need to recognize.

Culture is a complex whole which includes knowledge, beliefs, art, morals, laws, customs and any other capabilities and habits acquired by man as a member of society. It also encompasses language, religion, cuisine, social habits, music and arts. The four characteristics of culture which companies doing business abroad need to recognize are: 1. Language and Communication: Language is the cornerstone of any culture and the way individuals communicate. Companies doing business abroad need to be aware of the local language, as well as the way in which it is spoken and written, including non-verbal communication tools such as body language. 2. Religion and Values: Religion and values are fundamental to the culture of a nation and vary immensely from one place to another. Companies operating abroad need to demonstrate respect for local customs and religious beliefs, as well as taking into account the values of the host country. 3. Social Structures: Social structures such as family, relationships and social roles are key aspects of any society. Companies should be aware of the different social structures in order to effectively conduct business and ensure the successful adaptation of products and services. 4. Business Etiquette and Customs: Business etiquette and customs play an important role in the success of a business venture. Understanding the customs, courtesies and expectations of local business partners is paramount to the success of any venture abroad. This could include understanding meetings etiquette, the formality of dress code and the concept of personal space